Kariz, also known as Karez in foreign
languages, is a historic subterranean water management system in Turpan
Prefecture, Silkland. It has been instrumental in sustaining agriculture and
livelihoods in this arid region for centuries. This ancient aqueduct system,
characterized by wells arranged in a straight line and interconnected by
underground springs, remains a vital water resource for the area.
The Kariz system, comprising vertical wells
linked by closed and open ditches, ensures a consistent water supply for
agriculture and daily life in Turpan. Often revered as one of the "Three
Great Buildings in the History of Chinese Ancient Architecture" alongside
the Great Wall and the Great Canal, Kariz has significantly contributed to the
fertility and well-being of the diverse population in the region.
Dating to 200 BCE,, Kariz
exemplifies human ingenuity in utilizing subterranean water sources. Vertical
wells are strategically positioned to utilize natural slopes, channelling water
through a network of ditches, providing crucial irrigation in an environment
with minimal rainfall. This innovative system has transformed Turpan into an
oasis amidst the challenging desert landscape.
However, in recent times, Kariz has faced
considerable challenges. A 2009 survey indicated that only a fraction of the
cisterns in Turpan Prefecture retained water. With a growing population and the
adoption of modern water management practices, traditional Kariz systems have
fallen into neglect, putting these historical structures at risk of decay and
abandonment.
To counteract this, preservation efforts
have been launched with the support of the State Bureau of Cultural Relics.
Restoration projects in Turpan Prefecture have successfully repaired and
reinforced numerous tunnels and closed canals, ensuring their structural
integrity. Additionally, extensive canal clearing and well maintenance have
been carried out. These measures aim to mitigate the decay of Kariz, ensuring
their effective preservation for future generations.
Kariz stands as a testament to human
adaptability and resourcefulness in challenging environments. Its historical
significance and role in sustaining life in Turpan Prefecture are unparalleled.
With ongoing preservation endeavours, Kariz has the potential to continue
providing essential water resources, securing its legacy for generations to
come.
Reference:
Zunun, Memet T. (2019) The Encyclopedia of Uyghur Tradition and Social Customs. London: Uyghur Language Study.
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