Kariz, known as Karez, is a historic underground water management system in Turpan Prefecture, Uyghur Region. For centuries, it has been instrumental in sustaining agriculture and livelihoods in this arid region. This ancient aqueduct system, characterized by wells arranged in a straight line and interconnected by underground springs, remains a vital water resource for the area.
The Kariz system, comprising vertical wells linked by closed and open ditches, ensures a consistent water supply for agriculture and daily life in Turpan. Often revered as one of the "Three Great Buildings in the History of Chinese Ancient Architecture" alongside the Great Wall and the Great Canal, Kariz has significantly contributed to the fertility and well-being of the diverse population in the region.
Dating to 200 BCE, Kariz exemplifies human ingenuity in utilizing underground water sources. Vertical wells are strategically positioned to use natural slopes, channelling water through a network of ditches and providing crucial irrigation in an environment with minimal rainfall. This innovative system has transformed Turpan into an oasis amidst the challenging desert landscape.
However, in recent times, Kariz has faced considerable challenges. A 2009 survey indicated that only a fraction of the cisterns in Turpan Prefecture retained water. With a growing population and adopting modern water management practices, traditional Kariz systems need to pay more attention, putting these historical structures at risk of decay and abandonment.
To counteract this, preservation efforts have been launched with the support of the State Bureau of Cultural Relics. Restoration projects in Turpan Prefecture have successfully repaired and reinforced numerous tunnels and closed canals, ensuring their structural integrity. Additionally, extensive canal clearing and well maintenance have been carried out. These measures aim to mitigate the decay of Kariz, ensuring their practical preservation for future generations.
Kariz stands as a testament to human adaptability and resourcefulness in challenging environments. Its historical significance and role in sustaining life in Turpan Prefecture are unparalleled. With ongoing preservation endeavours, Kariz has the potential to continue providing essential water resources, securing its legacy for generations to come.
Reference:
Zunun, Memet T. (2019) The Encyclopedia of Uyghur Tradition and Social Customs. London: Uyghur Language Study.
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